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In the history of Afghanistan, there have been many mighty rulers and sovereigns, however, one stood out from all of them. He was a pious, patriotic, and merciful man who had all the profound traits of an exceptional leader, and ruled his lands with justice. He not only became the hero of all Afghans but also saved Islam in the subcontinent. In this video, we will go through the chapters of the life of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler who united the Afghan tribes and became the founder of modern Afghanistan, as well as the father of his nation. Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Khan Abdali was born in Herat, in 1723. He was the son of Zaman Khan, and the grandson of Dawlat Khan. He was from the Pashtun Sadouzai Tribe, a sub tribe of the Abdali Tribe. The story starts in 1732 CE, in Farah, Afghanistan, when Ahmad Khan's older brother, Zulfiqar Khan was defeated by his enemies. Zulfiqar Khan took his younger brother Ahmad Khan with him and fled to Kandahar, where they sought
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Who was Köse Mihal? | The Real History of Mikhael Kosses | The First Byzantine to join the Ottomans
During the early era of the Ottoman Empire, there were many Byzantine lords and commanders that joined the ranks of the Ottomans, even converting to Islam. The first (significant one) among them being Köse Mihal, also known as Mikhael Kosses. In this video we will go over his life, achievements, exploits, and the legacy he left behind.
Mikhael Kosses, an ethnic Greek, is believed to have been from the famous Palaiologos Dynasty, which ruled the Byzantine Empire from the years 1259 until its downfall in 1453CE, the longest a dynasty ever ruled the empire. Köse Mihal was the Byzantine governor of the Harmankaya Castle. The Harmankaya Castle was in the Uludag mountains in the foothills of Bilecik, Turkey. After taking part in a battle against Osman Ghazi, alongside the Byzantine governor of Eskisehir, he was captured and taken prisoner. However, he was forgiven by Osman for his valor and heroism.
In the following years, a trap would be set up for Osman by the neighboring Byzantine governors. The plan was to invite him to a wedding and assassinate him. However, Köse Mihal warned Osman of the governors' plans. Thus, Osman's life was saved, and the regions of Yarhisar and Bilecik would be conquered subsequently.
By now, Köse Mihal established a great relationship with Osman, fighting alongside him in battles, and also acting as a leader for the local Greek population within the Ottoman State. Furthermore, he even served as a consultant and diplomatic agent for Osman as well. Historians have different opinions as to why Köse Mihal decided to covert to Islam. One tradition emphasizes the influence of Osman's friendship and characteristics, while another states it was a dream that had a significant impact on him. His conversion is believed to have occurred between 1304 to 1313.
After his conversion, Abdullah Mihal always acted alongside Osman and would guide him throughout his conquests since he knew the region. He would also show great valor in his conquests of Goynuk and Mudurnu, as well as other castles in the Sakarya Valley. He would also act as an important advisor and envoy of Osman's son and successor, Orhan Ghazi. In fact, he even participated in the conquest of Bursa with him. However, after the conquest of Bursa, he was no longer mentioned in any sources. He is believed to have passed away somewhere around the years 1327-1340. After which he was buried in Harmankoy, Inhisar district of Bilecik.
In history, Abdullah Mihal would forever be remembered as Abdullah Mihal "Ghazi" for his valor shown in his battles fought for the Ottoman State. His descendants, known as the Mihaloglu, would continue to serve the Ottoman state for centuries. In fact, during the 15th and 16th centuries they rose to much fame as a politically and militarily successful family in Rumelia, particularly known to have been among the Ottoman Akinji corps. Even to this day, commemorations are still held in honor of him annually by statesmen, historians, and guests in his homeland Harmankoy. And at his tomb, prayers are read, and food is given out to the guests. Thus, his legacy was carried on and his name was never forgotten. He would forever be known as the first great Byzantine Muslim convert of the Ottoman Empire.
Konur Alp was a prominent commander who was known for his very commendable military skills during the early stages of the Ottoman Empire. He played a very important role in the conquest of the regions between Akyazi and Anadolu Kavagi. Konur Alp was among Osman Ghazi's closest companions, as well as Orhan Ghazi's greatest comrades. Nevertheless, what do we know about the life of of Konur Alp? Prior to becoming the head of the Kayi Tribe, Osman Ghazi took part in many campaigns and expeditions. During this time, he had a couple of close friends who would accompany him to every place he would go. These close friends of his would be with him in every hardship that he was to face. And so, after decades in accompanying Osman Ghazi in all the raids and battles he would fight in; together, they would establish the Ottoman Empire. These close comrades of his were Turgut Alp, Samsa Cavus, Abdurrahman Ghazi, Aykut Alp, Saltuk Alp, Hasan Alp, Akca Koca, and of course, Konur Alp.
Grandson of Sulayman Shah, eldest son of Ertugrul Ghazi, loyal brother & supporter of Osman Ghazi, who was Gunduz Alp? Gunduz Alp was among the early Ghazis of the Ottoman Empire, whom had devoted their lives to the establishment of a great state. Moreover, the feats & exploits of Gunduz Alp proved him to be one the fiercest warriors of the Ottomans. Nevertheless, what has history said about the Ottoman hero, Gunduz Alp? Gunduz Alp was born in Sogut, in the year 1229. He grew up in the household of Ertugrul Ghazi, as his eldest son; and had the honor & privilege of accompanying him on many campaigns and expeditions. Gunduz proved to be a real branch of support to his father, becoming his close confidant & companion. This sense of responsibly & ambition truly gave Gunduz Alp experience & intellect at a young age. Gunduz Bey was said to have been in his mid-twenties in the year 1258, when his youngest brother, Osman I was born. Due to the old ag
One of the most debated topics of early Ottoman History: Dundar Bey's death. Many great historians believe that Dundar Bey was not killed by his nephew, Osman I, while other notable sources claim he was. Some say he was killed by Osman's bow, while others argue he died of a natural cause. As a result, a question is frequently asked: how did Dundar Bey die in actual history? In order to come to a conclusion as to how Dundar died, we must look at his situation & the circumstances surrounding him. Dundar was among the 300 families to accompany Ertugrul Ghazi to the Byzantine border, despite the fact that roughly 1,000 families remained with Gundogdu & Sungurtekin. Though he had made several errors & mistakes, Dundar had remained loyal to his brother, Ertugrul Ghazi, and only dreamt of serving his nation. However, after the death of Ertugrul Ghazi, Dundar found a sense of ambition. He had been with Ertugrul Ghazi, ever since the beginning, yet, he was not dee
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